TOPICS AND ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED 1N DRAFTING A STATEMENT 0N VIOLENCE AND WAR

Based on suggestions of Seville participants that were received
as of April 11, and supplemented by excerpts from published writings
of several other Seville participants and by three of the UNESCO
Statements on Race - prepared by J.P. Scott and D.B. Adams on
behalf of the U,S. participants (Scott, Adams, J.H. Goldstein, and
B.E. Ginsburg)

I. Definitions (Barnett, 1986; Scott, 1985, 1986).

II. Biological Bases of Peace and War

A. The role of genetic variation as influencing variation among individuals
and populations (Mayor, 1985; Scott, 1986).

B. Interaction of genetic factors with experiential and cultural factors
in the development of individual aggressive behavior (Barnett, 1986;
Ginsburg. 1979; Mayor, 1986; Scott, 1986; Selmanoff and Ginsburg, 1981).

C. Interaction of genetic and cultural factors in the determination of sex
differences in individual aggression and in participation in war (Adams,
1984, 1985).

D. Physiological-emotional bases of war.

1) Alleged irradicable "instinct" for war (Adams, 1984, 1986, Wahlstrom 1986).

2) Social cooperation rather than aggressive motivation as the primary
motivation of the warrior (Adams, 1984, 1986; Lagerspetz, 1984; Leakey, 1978).

3) War as an outlet for individual aggressive behavior. Catharsis theory
contradicted by data such as cross—cultural analysis of sports and war
(Adams, 1986; Leakey, 1978)1

E. Alleged evolutionary necessity of war (Barnett, 1986; Eibl—Eibesfeldt, 1979;
Hinde, 1986; Leakey, 1978; Scott, 1985).

1) War, as practiced by humans, does not occur in non-human animals (Barnett,
1986; Leakey, 1978; Scott, 1985).

2) Cultural variation in the occurrence of war and peace among human
populations

a) Historical change (Genoves, 1986; Scott, 1985).

b) Archeoloqical (prehistoric) evidence (Genoves, 1986; Leakey, 19781

c) Variation among contemporary Cultures (Eibl-Eibesteldt, 1979;
Genoves, 1986; Leakey, 1978).

F. Role of fear and helplessness in preventing action for peace (Bechtereva,
1984; Wahlstrom, 1986).

G. Role of emotion in nonviolent cooperation as basis for peace (Adams, 1986;
Barnett, 1986; Bechtereva, 1984; Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1979; Hinde, 1986;
Wahlstrom, 1985).